Aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity is usually irreversible.Īminoglycosides are potentially nephrotoxic. Patients developing cochlear damage may not have symptoms during therapy to warn them of developing eighth-nerve toxicity, and total or partial irreversible bilateral deafness may occur after the drug has been discontinued. The risk of hearing loss due to aminoglycosides increases with the degree of exposure to either high peak or high trough serum concentrations. Other manifestations of neurotoxicity may include numbness, skin tingling, muscle twitching, and convulsions. Vertigo may occur and may be evidence of vestibular injury. High frequency deafness usually occurs first and can be detected only by audiometric testing. The risk of aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity is greater in patients with renal damage. Neurotoxicity, manifested as vestibular and permanent bilateral auditory ototoxicity, can occur in patients with preexisting renal damage and in patients with normal renal function treated at higher doses and/or for periods longer than those recommended. Safety for treatment periods which are longer than 14 days has not been established.
Patients treated with parenteral aminoglycosides should be under close clinical observation because of the potential ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with their use.
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